Could our streets be greener in the post-pandemic world?

The coronavirus pandemic has drawn attention to problems in the way that streets and public spaces are designed.

According to UNSW Built Environment lecturer Dr Mike Harris, vehicle-dominated street designs could soon give way to wider footpaths, separated cycleways and pedestrian-friendly streets.

Reducing the emphasis on cars and making more room for people to walk and cycle are just some of the ways streets could be better off as the world emerges from lockdown.

“It’s showing the disproportionate amount of street space dedicated to cars, because all that space set aside for cars is now sitting idle, while our footpaths aren’t wide enough for people walking, especially under social distancing guidelines,” Harris said.

“People are also using their local streets more because they’re working from home. So we’re living more locally, and recognising more the need for better quality streets for our quality of life.”

The need for wider footpaths

“One of the arguments behind widening footpaths is so you can have space to pass people more easily, and with social distancing, it’s really shown just how narrow common footpath widths are,” Harris said.

“Even in our densest areas, many are about one and a half metres wide, next to an expanse of asphalt for cars.”

He said footpaths should “arguably be at least double that width”, and that’s before adding planting, trees, seating and bike lanes.

In addition to widening footpaths, separated bicycle lanes and closing streets to cars are some of the other short-term streetscape measures cities around the world have taken to adjust to increased street activity.

“Most cities were already installing separated bicycle lanes, better pedestrian amenity. Like many trends, COVID-19 is increasing the speed of how these things get implemented,” Harris said.

“Everyone is getting a forced test run to trial these pop-up things, so it means that all of a sudden, everyone’s getting exposed to what our streets could be like.”

Harris believes that the ‘forced experiment’ could be the catalyst for transitioning towards pedestrian-friendly streets on a more permanent basis.

“I think people are showing that they’re super keen to get out there and experience the public space in a much stronger way than what they did previously, so the public is ready to go,” he said.

More cycleways, fewer cars

Bike sales have also increased dramatically during the coronavirus pandemic. While overall transport usage in the City of Sydney is down to 13%, cycling is only down to 60–90% of prior rates.

Surveys are also showing that the majority of people think things are better with fewer cars — less pollution, and quieter and safer streets.

“In the travel behaviour shifts [too] during the pandemic, most car commuters do not miss commuting at all, but the vast amount of walking and cycling commuters miss their commuting time,” Harris said.

He believes that there will likely be a trend of more people using private forms of transportation in the immediate aftermath of the pandemic. But whether that leans towards the car or the bike is up to policymakers.

“A message that has explicitly come from governments in bigger cities overseas is that if you can do anything right now, ride a bike,” Harris said.

“If all those people who would usually take the New York or London subway decide to drive when they go back to work, the city will be gridlocked, similarly with Sydney.

“It’s an opportunity for a lot of people to consider riding a bike, at least for some trips or part of their trip, and a portion of them will want to keep doing it … but as is the case now most of those people will claim they want to, but can’t because there are not enough facilities.”

According to Harris, cities should invest in a greater number of smaller, easily delivered projects like cycleways, which have more local job creation and less financial and environmental costs.

“It’s definitely time, as the Committee for Sydney is now urging. Less than $10 per person, per year, is spent on cycling infrastructure in Sydney, compared to $41 in London and $50 for Vancouver.”

Investing for the next crisis

Just a few weeks ago, Beijing and Shenzen reported heavier peak-hour congestion than the same period last year, and Harris said that the “images of blue skies without air pollution” may soon become a memory.

“What will need to happen is for the government to take the opportunity, while it’s there, to make some real changes. If nothing much happens, with the passing of time, and if structural changes haven’t occurred in our streets, then slowly things will probably just go back to normal.”

He said these changes will have lasting impacts that could better prepare the built environment to endure a future crisis.

“There’s a long history of open space being used and transformed in response to public health crises. Planning for New York’s Central Park began in the immediate aftermath of New York’s second cholera outbreak in the mid-1800s, along with wider urban boulevards,” Harris said.

“One of the reasons cities in the Netherlands or Denmark are so pedestrian-friendly, cycling-friendly cities today is because the government made concerted decisions to rely less on cars after the 1970s oil crisis. They recognised it was a vulnerable and costly transport mode and made a series of policy decisions and planning changes, that a couple of decades later, you see these profound results of very healthy, engaging, prosperous, people-friendly cities.

“What smart cities will do is make use of this opportunity and enact intelligent decisions that in 20 years will make their cities better-quality places to live and work.”

Image credit: ©stock.adobe.com/au/Halfpoint